THE HISTORY OF TURKEY

                 the history of Turkey from this title we

can understand as the period between the

formation of the Republic in the 29th of

October 1923 and the present days or the

period of ottoman and Turkic bailiwicks

but we are going to refer to the entire

period of known history of this land

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practically the history of the region

now forming the territory of not only

the Republic of Turkey but also Anatolia

the earliest representations of culture

in Anatolia were some Stone Age

artifacts due to its strategic location

at the intersection of Asia in Europe

Anatolia has been an important place of

several civilizations since prehistoric

times at the start of the Bronze Age

metallurgy spread to Anatolia from

Transcaucasian cultures in the late 4th

millennium BCE and it slowly entered in

the sphere of influence of the Akkadian

Empire many civilizations existed here

speaking about one the Hittite

civilization was a member of an ancient

indo-european people who appeared in

Anatolia at the beginning of the second

millennium BCE by 1340 BCE they have

become one of the dominant powers in the

Middle East the remnants of Bronze Age

civilizations such as the Haitian

Akkadian Assyrian in hittite peoples

provide us with many examples of the

daily lives of its citizens and their

trade after the fall of the Hittites the

new state of Phrygia and lydia stood

strong in the western coast as greece

civilization began to flourish they and

all the rest of Anatolia were relatively

soon incorporated into the Persian

Empire more from the east

a new power emerged Persia grew in power

more and more and influenced the lands

of the West expanding in Anatolia their

system of local government in Anatolia

allowed many cities and ports to grow

and to be

wealthy because of the influx of trade

and road networks between the east and

west the region of Anatolia got divided

into various regions satrapies ruled by

satraps governor's appointed by the

central persian rulers in the earliest

fifth century BC some of the Ionian

cities under Persian rule revolted which

culminated into the Ionian revolt this

revolt after being easily suppressed by

the Persians led to the popular

greco-persian Wars one of the most known

and crucial Wars from the ancient

history

this crackle Persian war led to the more

conflicts in Greek Peninsula fights for

power and influence happened and a

revenge sentiment mixed with good

leadership led to the gross of

Macedonian Kingdom under philip ii and

his son alexander the great who gained

control of the whole region and

conquered Persia in successive battles

from this point Anatolia was more and

more influenced by the Hellenic world

after Alexander's death his conquests

were split among several of his trusted

generals the Seleucid Empire the largest

of Alexander's territories and which

included in at olia became involved in

Wars with Rome more years later the rise

of Rome was felt across the

Mediterranean Basin the control of

Anatolia was strengthened by Rome

allowing local control to govern

effectively and provide military

protection expanding deep into Anatolian

territory the territory here developed

in Roman times due to the rise of

instability in the empire and the

permanent raids from foreign invaders in

the fourth century AD the emperor

constantine the great established a new

administrative center at the city of

Byzantium called Constantinople after

his name and by the end of the 4th

century the Roman Empire split into two

parts the western part with Rome as its

capital in the eastern part with

Constantinople as its capital an empire

referred to by historians as the

Byzantine Empire

the process of hellenization that began

with Alexander's conquests accelerated

under Roman rule and the ancient Greek

language and culture was predominant in

the region Turkic peoples and related

groups migrated west from Turkestan and

what is now Mongolia towards Eastern

Europe Iranian plateau and Anatolia the

Seljuk Turks created a medieval Empire

that controlled a vast area stretching

from the Hindu Kush to Eastern Anatolia

and from Central Asia to the Persian

Gulf many wars the emerging of new

empires migrations raids and the

incompetence of some leaders created the

slow process of the Byzantine decline

throughout time their decline and the

growing power of the seljuqs led to the

conflicts and to the famous battle of

men's occurred on 26th of August 1071

which is believed to be the open gate

for the Turkic people which will come in

an intaglio in the next decades and

centuries this important battle was

fought between the Byzantine Empire and

the Seljuk Empire near man's occurred

the defeat of the Byzantine Empire in

the capture of their Emperor Romano's

diogenes the fourth is an important

chapter in the history of Anatolia and

in the history of what will be known as

the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of

Turkey the sultanate of rûm seceded from

the great seljuq empire and they ruled

central Anatolia as the seljuk sultanate

of rûm started to crumble many other

smaller regions emerged ruled by

different leaders these small kingdoms

were called Bey licks one of them was

ruled by Osman which will be known as

Osman the first the founder of the

Ottoman Empire

it's believed that Osmonds early

followers consisted both of Turkish

tribal groups and Byzantine renegades

but not all were Muslims it is not known

for sure how this Balak started to

dominate the region but one thing was

sure the Byzantine Empire was very

vulnerable the new Empire expanded into

Europe defeating local leaders and

taking profit from the instability of

the region by the year 1400 the ottomans

were a true power having control of much

of the Balkans and Western Anatolia

the collapse of Constantinople in the

year of 1453 and the end of the last

vestiges of the Roman Empire

consolidated their power in their

notoriety for the next centuries in

which the Empire will expand even

further reaching its peak in the 16th

and 17th centuries inflation's lost

battles the defeats against the Russians

in the Habsburgs and some crisis and

rebellions marked the decline of the

Ottomans the start of the 19th century

was marked by national movements many

people from different ethnicities lived

in different empires or administrative

forms and rebellions started to happen

the Serbian Revolution 1804 to 1815

marked the beginning of an era of

national awakening also even some Arabs

led by the Al Saud family revolted

against the Ottomans in 1821 the Greeks

declared war on the Sultan achieving

independence in 1830 the French invaded

Algeria which was lost to the Empire in

1831 Muhammad Ali revolted and created a

civil war with the aim of making himself

Sultan as we can see the Ottoman

experienced huge instability marked by

defeats bad administration revolts and

national movements across the Empire due

to its over extensions on lands with

different peoples and cultures the

Empire continued in the next years of

the 19th century to lose Wars and

territories and to fail in the creating

of new reforms the collapse of the

Empire is a more detailed subject but if

you want to know more about that we

already made a more detailed video about

their collapse at the start of the first

world war the Ottoman Empire was at its

final days

joining the Central Powers in the

conflict after their defeat the Empire

crumbled and many of their territories

were conceded in favor of Greece Italy

Britain and France this loss created the

start of the Turkish national movement

which will be known as the Turkish war

of independence led by Mustafa Kemal by

September 18th 1922 the occupying armies

were expelled on November 1st the newly

founded parliament formally abolished

the Sultanate thus ending 623 years of

Ottoman rule the Treaty of lizanne of

July 24th 1923 led to the international

cognition of the sovereignty of the

newly formed Republic of Turkey as the

successor state of the Ottoman Empire

and the Republic was officially

proclaimed on October 29th 1923 in the

new capital of Ankara Mustafa Kemal

became the Republic's first president of

Turkey and subsequently introduced many

radical reforms more rights for women

were established a new writing system in

the Latin alphabet for the Turkish

language was created and many others

Turkey was neutral in world war ii and

they refused german requests to allow

troops access to its borders into Syria

or the USSR due to the growing tensions

of the Cold War the u.s. guaranteed the

security of turkey and greece turkey

joined NATO in 1952 an important member

especially due to its geographic

position at the border with USSR on the

island of Cyprus instability and

conflicts started to exist and a

military coup of July 1974 overthrowing

President macario's and installing Nico

Sampson as a dictator Turkey invaded the

cyprus in 1974 later the Turkish

Republic of Northern Cyprus was

established but just turkey recognizes

it

the single party period was followed by

multiparty democracy after 1945 the

Turkish democracy was interrupted by

internal problems and by military coos

in 1960 1971 and 1980 since the

liberalisation of the Turkish economy

during the 1980s the country has enjoyed

stronger economic growth and greater

political stability also a boom in

population happened in this country

growing from 17 million people in the

1930s to over 80 million today we know

that there's more to discuss about this

topic and we will cover more details

 about the history of the 

Turkish